本土集聚、海外市场与制度环境
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| Title | Origin Agglomeration, Overseas Market and Institutional Environment
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| 作者 | 张一力 周康 张俊森 |
| Author | Zhang Yili,Zhou Kang and Zhang Junsen |
| 作者单位 | 温州大学商学院 |
| Organization | WENZHOU UNIVERSITY |
| 作者Email | yili66@163.com |
| 中文关键词 | 企业本土集聚 制度环境 出口障碍 空间统计 |
| Key Words | firm origin agglomeration, institutional environment, export barriers, spatial statistics |
| 内容提要 | 在研究企业的空间分布时，一个突出的难题在于我们不得不将企业分配至特定的行政区域内，这将空间上的点（企业）转化成了平面上不均匀的黑盒子（行政区），进而破坏了集聚经济的原始状态。借助于新近获取的经纬度坐标数据，本文在连续空间上开展了数值模拟进而克服了这一局限。基于假设检验的数值模拟显示中国出口企业在空间分布上存在一种新的集聚模式——出口目的地的本土集聚，即出口到相同海外市场的企业在中国境内呈现出显著的集中倾向。为解释这一现象，我们提炼了典型事实并开展了实证分析，结果显示：出口目的地的制度环境越差，出口至该市场的企业在中国境内的集聚程度越高；另一方面，当出口市场的出口障碍变弱时（如与中国存在相同的民族语言），出口至该市场的企业在中国境内的集聚程度显著降低。这些证据表明基于出口目的地特殊性的出口障碍显著影响了中国出口企业的空间分布。本文的研究既为中国出口企业的空间分布提供了一个新的技术解释，也揭示了出口企业挑战高难度出口市场的一种生存法则。 |
| Abstract | When we study the spatial distribution of firms, a difficult issue is that we have to distribute firms into specific administrative units, which transforms spatial spots (firm) into uneven black boxes (administrative units), and thus artificially distorts the attributes of agglomeration. To overcome this challenge, this paper uses a detailed coordinate dataset that allows us to construct simulations in continuous space and documents the existence of a novel pattern of agglomeration in China, namely, firms exporting to same destination tend to agglomerate in a relatively narrow region of China. To account for this phenomenon, we analyze typical facts and empirically exploit the effects of export barriers in shaping the agglomeration. We find that firms selling to countries with worse business regulations, different ideologies and languages from China tend to cluster significantly more in specific regions. These findings point to the possibility that destination-specific export barriers significantly affect firms’ site selection. Our work not only provides a novel technical explanation to the locational distribution of China's exporters, but also reveals a survival rule for exporters conquering tough export markets. |
| 文章编号 | WP1390 |
| 登载时间 | 2019-07-09 |
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