劳动力短缺、要素市场扭曲与中国制造企业技术进步
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| Title | Labor Shortage, Factor Market Distortion and Technological Progress of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises
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| 作者 | 杨先明 刘政 匡慧姝 |
| Author | Yang Xianming, Liu Zheng and Kuang Huishu |
| 作者单位 | 云南大学发展研究院;昆明理工大学管理与经济学院;云南大学发展研究院 |
| Organization | School of Developmdent Studies, Yunnan University of China; HKARC in Faculty of Mangement & Economics, KMUST of China;Postdoctoral Research Station, Yunnan University of China; |
| 作者Email | xmyang1953@163.com;adamliu704@163.com;386833547@qq.com |
| 中文关键词 | 劳动力短缺 要素市场扭曲 企业技术进步 价格效应 市场规模效应 |
| Key Words | Labor Shortage; Factor Market Distortion; Enterprise Technological Progress; Price Effects; Market Size Effects |
| 内容提要 | 创新是技术进步的前提。在要素市场扭曲下，劳动力短缺如何决定企业创新？诱导的自发技术进步效应还成立吗？文章立足“民工荒”，系统考察了劳动力短缺与要素市场扭曲影响中国制造企业技术进步的作用机制与经验证据。研究发现：劳动力短缺明显促进了制造企业创新，说明我国存在着由短缺劳动要素自发诱使企业技术进步的因果转化机制；就机理而言，短缺劳动力和其他丰腴要素分别产生了促进创新的“价格效应”和“市场规模效应”，而“价格效应”较强且起主导作用，最终决定我国制造企业偏向机器替代高成本劳动的技术进步特征。进一步研究还发现，劳动、金融、土地等要素的市场扭曲，阻碍了制造企业基于要素成本及禀赋结构变化而内在选择创新的机制联系，最终通过减弱劳动力短缺诱致创新的“价格效应”渠道而间接抑制企业技术进步。这说明完善要素市场的价格形成机制和公平配置机制，是加快制造企业技术进步、促进全面技术赶超的前提。 |
| Abstract | Since the rich labor endowment is no longer exists and the technological efficiency is far from achieving, how to speed up the labor shortage inward the spontaneous technological progress and realize endogenous economic growth is central to China today. This article, based on two typical new facts of decrease in number of migrant workers and the long-standing of factor market distortion in China, starts with the structure of factor endowments and tries to systematically investigate the mechanism and empirical evidence of labor shortage and factor market distortion on technological progress of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. We find the shortage of labor really induce the enterprises’ innovation, which means there is a causality mechanism of labor short on technological progress. Next, when it comes to the mechanism, we find the labor shortage and the other affluent factors such as capital and land promote firm’s innovation through a ‘price effect’ and ‘market size effect’ respectively, and ultimately the ‘price effect’ dominates and induces enterprises to innovate through saving the high cost of expensive labor channel. In further study we also find the factors distortion in labor, finance and land market weaken the ‘price effect’ from labor shortage to innovation and hence indirectly inhibit the technical progress in the end, which indicates that enhancing the price adjustment and fair allocation mechanism of factor market are the premise to accelerate technological progress and realize technology catching up in China. |
| 文章编号 | WP1381 |
| 登载时间 | 2019-06-13 |
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