偏向性技术进步如何影响了中国工业的全要素生产率增长？
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| Title | How biased technological change affects the total factor productivity growth of China's industry
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| 作者 | 李小平 李小克 |
| Author | Li Xiaoping and LI Xiaoke |
| 作者单位 | 中南财经政法大学经济学院；中南财经政法大学经济学院 |
| Organization | Economic school, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law |
| 作者Email | chineselixp@126.com；lxkhenan@163.com |
| 中文关键词 | 全要素生产率增长 偏向性技术进步 替代弹性 资本深化 技术一致性 |
| Key Words | Total Factor Productivity Growth; Biased Technological change; Substitution Elasticity; Capital Deepening; Technological Congruence |
| 内容提要 | 技术进步是全要素生产率增长的重要来源，已有文献在解析全要素生产率增长的机理时，对偏向性技术进步的作用机制重视不够。本文利用Kmenta近似技术从标准化CES生产函数中分离出具有技术进步偏向的TFP函数，借助于偏向性技术进步指数，从理论上阐释了TFP增长率变化取决于要素增强型技术进步增长率、要素替代弹性、资本深化水平及其增长率变化协同作用的结果，刻画了偏向性技术进步及其偏向程度对TFP增长的影响机理。处理了因不合适的基期选择导致分行业工业增加值估算偏误问题，基于标准化供给面系统方法，对理论机理进行了实证检验。实证分析揭示：（1）中国工业资本与劳动的替代弹性小于1，且资本效率增速低于劳动效率增速，导致总的要素增强型技术进步表现为劳动增强型技术进步的同时，要素偏向性技术进步偏向于资本；（2）资本偏向性技术进步增长率对中国工业TFP增长率的提升有促进作用，而技术进步偏向资本的程度对TFP增长率提升存在消极影响，其原因在于总的劳动增强型技术进步增长与资本深化提升意味着总的要素增强型技术进步增长方向与要素深化方向相悖，则资本偏向性技术进步偏向加深引起TFP增长率下降；（3）由于资本偏向性技术进步率的正向效应大于资本偏向性技术进步偏向程度的负效应，现阶段资本偏向性技术进步对中国工业TFP增长率提升仍具有积极作用。因此，开发和引进新技术应充分考虑到本地本单位的要素禀赋状况、要素替代弹性与要素效率增长特征，从而针对性地选择有利于提高全要素生产率的适宜技术。 |
| Abstract | Technological change is an important source of total factor productivity growth. Hower，previous literatures ignore the role of biased technological change when analyzing the mechanism of total factor productivity growth. This paper uses the Kmenta approximation technique to separate the TFP functions with the bias of technological change from normalized CES production function, with the help of biased technological change index, the change of TFP growth rate depends on synergetic effect of growth rate of factor-augmenting technological change, elasticity of substitution and capital deepening and its growth rate, then, characterizes the effect of biased technological change and its degree of bias on TFP growth. After solving the estimation errors of inappropriate base period selection on industrial added value , based on normalized supply-side system to test the mechanism.The empirical analysis shows that: (1) the substitution elasticity of China's industry is less than 1, and the growth rate of capital efficiency is lower than the growth rate of labor efficiency, which leads to biased technological change towards capital.(2)The growth rate of capital biased technological change produces active effect on China's industry TFP growth rate, while degree of capital biased technological change has negative impact on TFP growth rate, the profound cause lies in internal contradiction between capital biased technological change and general labor-augmenting technological change, and the direction of general labor-augmenting technological change conflicts with the direction of capital deepening, finally, the overall effect of the bias of capital biased technological change is negative. (3)Comparatively speaking, the growth rate of capital biased technological change is the most powerful force for the increase of China's industrial TFP growth rate. Finally, the "residual value" method is used again to test the robustness of the results. We find that the TFP growth rate is relatively accurate after the anti solution to factor-augmenting technological change growth rate function value. Therefore, the development and introduction of new technologies should give full consideration to the factor endowments, the elasticity of factor substitution and the growth of factor efficiency in the local units, so as to appropriate technology will be adopted to improve the total factor productivity. |
| 文章编号 | WP1371 |
| 登载时间 | 2019-05-21 |
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