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合作社联合问题、康德式社会契约与何瓦斯剩余分配制
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TitleThe Joint Problems of Cooperatives, Kantian Social Contracts, and Howarth Principle of Surplus Distribution  
作者许建明 李文溥  
AuthorXu Jianming and Li Wenpu  
作者单位浙江农林大学经济管理学院;厦门大学宏观经济研究中心 
OrganizationSchool of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University;Center for Macroeconomic Research of Xiamen University 
作者Emailzm3809@sina.com;wpli@xmu.edu.cn 
中文关键词联合问题 罗虚代尔原则 企业契约范式 康德式社会契约 何瓦斯剩余分配制 
Key WordsJoint Problems;Rochdale Principles;Enterprise Contract Paradigm;Kantian Social Contracts;Howarth Principle of Surplus Distribution 
内容提要合作社不是企业契约,而是社会契约。以企业契约范式来认识合作社,在理论逻辑上,无法协调合作社原则中的“一人一票民主控制原则”与“按惠顾分配盈余原则”之间的不匹配。同样,将合作社看作是市场与科层组织之间的混合型组织的观点,无助于理解合作社的核心原则以及这些原则之间的逻辑结构。本文认为,合作社是以提供公共品为中心任务的康德式社会契约——也即马克思意义上的“自由人联合体”,并以之为分析框架来理解合作社核心原则和联合问题。合作社三个核心原则可以在逻辑上完整解决合作社公共品所带来的总体福利函数存在性问题以及如何分摊公共品成本问题。如果合作社是自由进出的社会契约,那么,一人一票民主管理的合作社的总体福利函数是存在的。如果一人一票民主管理的合作社要实现总体福利函数最大化,那么最优的方式是何瓦斯剩余分配制。何瓦斯剩余分配制的实质是,合作社公共品的成本分摊与社员从公共品的受益相匹配。联合社与合作社的区别在于二者所提供公共品的层面的差别。 
AbstractAgricultural operation mode has been a classic issue in political economy. Generally considered, the principles of cooperatives which International Cooperative Alliance outlined are universal. However, there is hardly any formal economic model to proof the rationality of the cooperative principles so far. The conventional wisdom in academic theory takes the cooperatives as enterprises. Cooperatives in fact are not enterprises, but the social contracts,which are Marx’ community of free men. We cannot reconcile the theoretical conflict between the “One member, One vote” principle and “surplus distribution according to patronage” principle, i.e. the residual control rights and residual claims of cooperatives. Therefore, we need to give a more accurate theoretical framework to understand the nature of cooperatives. We characterize cooperatives as Kantian social contracts. Accordingly, we use the demonstration of hypothesis proposition that if the cooperative is one-man-one-vote democratic management, and the cooperatives are to maximize the welfare of all members, the best way is to adopt the Howarth Principle of surplus distribution. With application of Ramsey model, we can not only coordinate the aforementioned inconsistency between the two core principles, but also get a new understanding to the “surplus distribution according to patronage” principle. The cost sharing of the public goods of the cooperative is matched with the benefit of the members from the public goods in steady state path of dynamic general equilibrium. 
文章编号WP1362 
登载时间2019-04-16 
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