地方国企依赖、资源配置效率改善与供给侧改革
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| Title | Do State-owned Enterprises Hamper the Improvement of Resource Allocation？
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| 作者 | 李艳 杨汝岱 |
| Author | Li Yan and Yang Rudai |
| 作者单位 | 清华大学经济管理学院;北京大学经济学院 |
| Organization | Tsinghua University;Peking University |
| 作者Email | liyan_m1@126.com;rdyang@pku.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 地方国企依赖 资源配置效率改善 供给侧改革 |
| Key Words | SOEs；Resource Allocation；Supply Side |
| 内容提要 | 本文研究地方国有企业依赖与资源配置效率改善的关系，并探究这种关系背后的作用机制及其对供给侧改革的影响。我们使用中国工业企业数据库计算城市-行业层面资源配置效率改善指标，发现资源配置效率改善对整体全要素生产率（TFP）提升的贡献率在逐年下降。基准检验表明地方国企依赖与资源配置效率改善之间存在显著的负相关，地方国企依赖程度越大的地区和行业，资源配置效率改善程度越小。为了缓解内生性问题，我们首先以“一五”项目落地情况作为地方国企依赖的工具变量，再运用纺织部和化学工业部撤部的外生政策变化做倍差法（DD）和三重差分法（DDD）检验，均得到与基准模型一致的结论。进一步，我们在企业层面研究地方国有企业保护降低资源配置效率改善的机制，发现地方国有企业依赖越严重的地方，在位民营企业越难获得资源扩大企业规模，新进入企业面临越高的进入门槛，低效率的国有企业越不容易退出市场。最后，基于反事实的分析方法发现，如果能实现由“块块竞争”向“条条打通”的治理模式过渡，有效缓解地方国有企业过度依赖问题，建立相对统一的全国市场，保守估计工业总产值提升14%，就业增加16%。在国企改革和供给侧结构性改革的大背景下，本文对地方国有企业依赖与资源配置效率改善关系的研究，具有一定的现实意义。 |
| Abstract | Based on the background of SOEs reform and restructuring of the supply side, we explore the effect of local protection of SOEs on the efficiency of resource allocation by using Chinese firm-level data from 1998 to 2007 and 2013. We find that resource allocation plays a waning role in boosting TFP and local protection of State-owned enterprises has significant negative relation on the efficiency of resource allocation. Besides, we test our results by introducing an instrumental variable and using a quasi-natural experiment of revocation of department of textile and chemical industries. Further, we find that in a city-industry with more serious State-owned enterprises protection, non-SOEs are more difficult to get resources to expand scale, and new firms need larger total factor productivity to enter the market, and State-owned enterprise are less likely to exit the market. In sum, if the resource allocate efficiently, the social gross output value will increase 14 percent and the total employment will increase 16 percent. This paper has high practical value by studying the effect of local protection on resource allocation and providing suggestions for enhancing the SOE reform and structure upgrading. |
| 文章编号 | WP1356 |
| 登载时间 | 2019-04-02 |
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