佛教信仰与中古时期寺院金融的兴衰
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| Title | An Economic Analysis of the Vicissitude of the Temple Finance in China’s Mediaeval Ages
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| 作者 | 周建波 张博 赵宇恒 |
| Author | Zhou Jianbo,Zhang Bo and Zhao Yuheng |
| 作者单位 | 北京大学经济学院；北京航空航天大学经济管理学院 |
| Organization | Peking University; Beihang University |
| 作者Email | bozhang@pku.edu.cn；zhoujiantaoa1032@buaa.edu.cn；henrybowen@163.com |
| 中文关键词 | 佛教热 寺院金融 商业信用 捐施 |
| Key Words | Buddhist Fanaticism; Temple Finance; Business Credit; Donation |
| 内容提要 | 中古时期的寺院金融通过传播佛教信仰来建立商业信用，亦即依靠宗教信仰聚集社会财富及约束借款人，这是寺院金融超越本土金融之处。正是这一点，使得寺院金融在南北朝隋唐时期兴起并迅速发展，成为中国历史上最早的依靠社会财富而不是自有财富放贷的金融组织。同时，也正是这一点，造成寺院金融在佛教热降温的唐中叶后迅速衰落。本文通过规范的数理模型来分析中古时期佛教信仰的兴衰是如何具体地影响寺院金融的发展。我们发现，单靠宗教信仰建立商业信用是不够的，还要增加质押、抵押、担保以及血缘、政府律法等世俗因素的力量，才能进一步提高建立商业信用的能力，而这正是唐中叶后中国金融业发展的方向，也是马丁?路德宗教改革后欧美金融业发展的方向，甚且还是正在曲折中前行的伊斯兰金融的发展方向。 |
| Abstract | The temple finance in mediaeval ages maintained its business credits through the spreading of Buddhist faith, namely, it relied on Buddhist faith to mobilize social capital and constrain the behaviors of borrowers, which was the main difference from local finance. This feature also made temple finance vigorous and booming throughout the Buddhist fanaticism in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and became the first financial institution with significant influence in Chinese history of financial development which lent money based on social capital. The same feature also made temple finance declined rapidly with the cooling of Buddhist fanaticism after the middle period of Tang Dynasty. By establishing the canonical modern economics model, this paper investigates how the rise and fall of Buddhist fanaticism influence the development of temple finance. We find that establishing business credits through religious belief is not enough. To enhance the capacity of building business credits, strengths from secular factors like kinships and law from government are indispensable, which is exactly the development direction of Chinese financial industry after the middle period of Tang Dynasty. |
| 文章编号 | WP1335 |
| 登载时间 | 2019-02-18 |
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