制度松绑、市场活力激发与旅游经济发展——来自中国文化体制改革的“准自然实验”
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| Title | Deregulation, Market Vitality and Tourism Economy Development
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| 作者 | 刘瑞明 毛宇 亢延锟 |
| Author | Liu Ruiming,Mao Yu and Hang Yankun |
| 作者单位 | 中国人民大学；西北大学经济管理学院 |
| Organization | National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China; School of Economics and Management, Northwest University |
| 作者Email | lrmjj@126.com； |
| 中文关键词 | 文化体制改革 市场活力 旅游经济 双重差分方法 经济增长 |
| Key Words | Culture System Reform; Market Vitality; Tourism Economy; Difference in Differences; Economic Growth |
| 内容提要 | 旅游业作为现代服务业的重要组成部分，是带动地区经济增长和实现产业优化升级的“绿色”驱动力。近年来中国各级政府纷纷出台相关政策以促进地区旅游业的发展，然而，这些政策是否能够取得预期效果呢？借助于中国文化体制改革的“准自然实验”，本文采用中国283个地级市2002-2013年间的面板数据和双重差分方法，首次评估了文化体制改革对地区旅游业发展的影响。研究发现，中央在2003年和2006年施行的文化体制改革试点和推广，激发了市场活力，促进了文化产业和旅游产业融合，带动了地区旅游业的发展。文化体制改革对试点地区的人均国内旅游收入、人均国内旅游人次、人均国内外旅游总收入和人均国内外旅游接待总人次均产生了显著的促进效应，对人均国外旅游收入和人均国外旅游接待人次未产生显著的影响。而且，文化体制改革对旅游业的促进效应具有动态效应，随着改革的推进，促进效应越为明显。在进行了一系列的稳健性检验后，上述结论依然成立。一方面，这一发现为进一步在全国范围内实施文化体制改革提供了一个重要的依据，自由宽松的文化体制不仅可以实现文化产业的繁荣，而且会极大地带动地区旅游业发展；另一方面，本文的发现为地区产业的转型升级和区域经济平衡提供了重要的政策启示。 |
| Abstract | As an important part of modern service industry, tourism is called the “green” driving force to promote regional economic growth and achieve industrial optimization as well as upgrading. In recent years, local governments have introduced policies aimed at the development of tourism. To strengthen the combination of culture and tourism, invigorate the market an facilitate the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry, the central government launched pilot reform programs both in 2003 and 2006, which have tremendously promoted the integration of culture industry and tourism industry, and at the same time led to the flourishment of regional tourism. According to the“quasi-natural experiment”of cultural system reform, this paper first applied difference-in-differences model to analyze the panel data of 283 prefecture-level cities in 2002-2003 to evaluate the effect of the reform on regional tourism development. By robust tests, it is found that the reform has a significantly positive effect on domestic tourism income per capita, domestic tourist trips per capita, gross domestic and international tourism income per capita and the total number of domestic and international tourism reception per capita, whereas bears no profound impact on foreign tourism income per capita and reception of oversees tourists per capita. Moreover, cultural system reform has a dynamic effect on the acceleration of the tourism industry. With the advancement of the reform, the enhancement is more obvious. On the one hand, the conclusion provides an important basis for further implementation of the reform at the national level. An open cultural system can not only bring about the prosperity of the cultural industry, but greatly boost regional tourism. On the other hand, this paper provides important implications to the transformation and upgrading of regional cultural industry and tourism industry. |
| 文章编号 | WP1312 |
| 登载时间 | 2018-12-04 |
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