我国农民工“健康移民效应”的再考察——来自机会平等视角的证据
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| Title | Reexamination of “Healthy Immigrant Effect” of Migrant Workers in China
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| 作者 | 马超 曲兆鹏 |
| Author | Ma Chao and Qu Zhaopeng |
| 作者单位 | 东南大学公共卫生学院;南京大学经济学院 |
| Organization | School of Public Health, Southeast University School of Public Health, Yale University；School of Business, Nanjing University |
| 作者Email | machao@seu.edu.cn;qu@nju.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 健康移民效应 机会平等 心理健康 农民工 |
| Key Words | Healthy Immigrant Effect; Equality of Opportunity; Mental Health; Migrant Workers |
| 内容提要 | “健康移民效应”是指相比于本地居民，移民的健康状况更好。本文利用RUMiC 2008和2009数据，对我国外出农民工心理健康上的“健康移民效应”进行分析。我们发现描述统计与回归分析的结果相矛盾：即描述性统计上，外出农民工心理健康状况比城市居民差；但回归结果却完全相反。为找到矛盾的原因，本研究采用“机会平等理论”的分解方法，结果显示：按照合理的“努力特征效应”来看，外出农民工本该比城市居民更健康0.145个单位，但严重的机会不平等造成他们健康下降0.257个单位，最终导致外出农民工比城市居民更不健康0.112个单位。此外，外出农民工的心理健康状况好于从未外出的农村居民，也好于回流的农民工，这主要是反映了农民工外出和回流的“自选择”机制。分解结果显示，这两种机制的背后，主要是合理的“努力特征效应”，而不是机会不平等效应在起作用。 |
| Abstract | A key stylized fact that is generally supported in the literature is the Healthy Immigrant Effect (HIE), which means immigrants are healthier than their native counterparts. Using the nationwide data of RUMiC2008-2009, this paper finds a conflict between the results of the descriptive statistic and the regression. Therefore, we use the Theory of the Equality of Opportunity(EOP) to decompose the HIE to identify the reason for the conflict. The results show that, according to the legitimate “effort characteristic effects”, migrant workers are supposed to have a better mental health level than the native urban residents (0.145 unit), but inequality of opportunity leads to a decrease of 0.257 unit in terms of mental health. Ultimately, migrant workers have a worse mental health level than the native urban residents (0.112 unit). In addition, the mental health level of migrant workers is better than the non-migrant rural residents and the migrant workers who returned home. This reflects the self-selection migrant effects and the salmon effects. The main reason for the two effects is the legitimate “effort characteristic effects” rather than the inequality of opportunity. |
| 文章编号 | WP1301 |
| 登载时间 | 2018-10-18 |
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