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贸易自由化、竞争与产业转型升级——对中国出口结构之谜的一个新解释
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TitleTrade Liberalization, Competition and Industry' Upgrading——A New Explanation of Mystery of Export Structure in China  
作者简泽 王自力 Yao Luo 吕大国  
AuthorJian Ze, Wang Zili, Yao Luo and Lyu Daguo  
作者单位江西财经大学 
Organization Institute of Industrial Economics of JXUFE; Department of Economics of University of Toronto; School of Economics of Nanjing University 
作者Emailjianze@tongji.edu.cn;13077958258@126.com;yao.luo@utoronto.ca;peterlv1979@126.com 
中文关键词贸易自由化 外部竞争冲击 出口结构升级 
Key WordsTrade Liberalization; External Competition Shocks; Upgrading of Export Structure 
内容提要利用中国加入WTO提供的一个自然实验,这篇文章考察了贸易自由化对生产和出口结构的影响。在一个融合产业比较优势和异质性企业贸易理论的视角下,基于微观大数据,我们得到了以下结果:(1)与具有比较优势的劳动密集型产业不同,贸易自由化给处于比较劣势的资本密集型产业带来了强大的外部竞争冲击;(2)这种外部竞争冲击激发了一个以生产率为基础的 “创造性毁灭”的企业更替和产业重构过程,进而推动了资本密集型产业内部的结构升级和生产率提高;(3)资本密集型产业内部的结构升级不仅通过生产率渠道推动了这些产业的增长,而且通过生产率渠道从扩展边际上促进了这些产业的出口扩张,进而推动了产业间出口结构的升级。这些结果表明,外部竞争冲击激发了一种新的逆比较优势的力量。在这种力量的作用下,贸易自由化可能不会像传统理论预测的那样放大比较优势效应,而是更多地促进比较劣势产业的出口增长,进而推动出口结构的转型升级。 
AbstractIn this article, we examine the impact of trade liberalization on the production and export structure of China's industrial sector. In a framework that integrates comparative advantage and heterogeneous firms, utilizing a natural experiment provided by China's entry into WTO, we obtain the following results: (1) Compared with the labor-intensive industries with comparative advantage, trade liberalization has brought a strong external competitive shock to those capital intensive-industries which are at a disadvantage; (2) Based on productivity, this external competitive shock has inspired the "creative destruction" within capital-intensive industries, through which firms turnover and the industries restructure. Thus the structure within industries upgrades and efficiency improves; (3) The upgrading of the structure within capital-intensive industries not only promotes the growth of production, but also facilitates export along the extensive margin. Thus the changes in the structure within capital-intensive industries drives the upgrading of the structure among industries. These results show that a novel force emerge in a perspective that integrates comparative advantage and heterogeneous firms. As a result of this force, contrary to the standard theory, trade liberalization does not enlarge the role of comparative advantage, but to a greater extent promote the growth of export of comparative disadvantage industries, and thus promote the upgrading of industrial structure. 
文章编号WP1136 
登载时间2016-11-29 
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