土地发展权、财富效应与“以地养老”
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| Title | Land Development Rights, Wealth Effect and Rural Land Reverse Mortgaging
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| 作者 | 黄少安 陈健 |
| Author | Huang Shaoan and Chen Jian |
| 作者单位 | 山东大学经济研究院 |
| Organization | ShanDong University |
| 作者Email | shaoanhuang@sdu.edu.cn；chenchenaixiaoyu@126.com |
| 中文关键词 | 农村；土地发展权；财富效应；以地养老；门槛效应 |
| Key Words | Rural; Land development rights; Wealth effect; Land reverse mortgaging; Threshold effect |
| 内容提要 | 我国老龄化问题真正的重心在农村，而家庭养老的弱化与社会保障能力的严重不足，使得农村养老问题面临严峻的考验。农村养老保障的方式应该是多元化的，除了建立统一的、基本的城乡养老保障制度以外，针对农村养老的巨大压力和现实困境，探求一些补充和辅助养老方式很有必要。农村“以地养老”值得探索，但是，已有的尝试往往难以让土地对农民养老真正提供有效的帮助，原因在于忽视了“同地不同权”阻碍了农村土地财富效应发挥这一关键症结。本文试图通过引入土地发展权，构建市场化的解决方案，通过拓展跨期替代模型，考虑土地发展权的影响，得出理论命题：随着农村土地发展权的渐进释放或分离，老人的土地财富效应不断扩大，从而有助于农村“以地养老”的实现。接着基于中国的数据，利用非线性的Hansen门槛模型，探讨了这种影响过程的渐进特性。最后，建议进行土地发展权转移或购买试点，渐次形成土地发展权的交易市场，同时需进行农村土地抵押金融创新，而最核心的问题是一定要理顺政府与市场的关系。 |
| Abstract | Aging in rural areas is our real focus. With the weakening of family pension and a serious shortage of social security capabilities, rural pension problem faces a severe test. The approach of rural pension security should be diversified. In addition to the establishment of a unified and basic urban and rural pension security system, exploring some complementary and supplementary pension mode is necessary with enormous pressure and practical difficulties of rural pension problem. Rural land reverse mortgaging worth exploring, but existing attempts often hardly provide effective help truly for rural pension problem , due to the neglect of the key crux that rural land wealth effect has been hampered under the same land with the different rights.This paper attempts to introduce land development rights to build market-oriented solutions. By expanding intertemporal substitution model, the paper considers the impact of land development rights and obtains theoretical propositions: With the gradual release or separation of rural land development rights, the land wealth effect for the old continues to expand, thereby helps realize rural land reverse mortgaging. Based on Chinese data, the paper uses the non-linear threshold model Hansen and discusses the progressive characteristic of this impact process. Finally, the paper proposes transfer or purchase of land development rights, gradually forming a trading market of land development rights and rural land mortgage finance innovation. But the core problem is that the relationship between government and the market must be coordinated. |
| 文章编号 | WP1063 |
| 登载时间 | 2016-05-13 |
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