代表者模型、社会福利函数与阿罗不可能定理——作为科学的宏观经济学的微观基础问题
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| Title | Representative Agent Model, Social Welfare Function and Arrow Impossibility Theorem: A Reflection on Microfoundations for
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| 作者 | 许建明 李文溥 |
| Author | Xu Jianming and Li Wenpu |
| 作者单位 | 清华大学；厦门大学 |
| Organization | China Institute for Rural Studies, Tsinghua University；Center for Macroeconomic Research of Xiamen University |
| 作者Email | zm3809@sina.com；wpli@xmu.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 代表者模型 作为科学的宏观经济学 社会福利函数 阿罗不可能定理 社会契约（选择） |
| Key Words | Representative Agent Model；Macroeconomics as Science；Social Welfare Function；Arrow Impossibility Theorem；Social Choice (Contract) |
| 内容提要 | 在“卢卡斯批判”（Lucas，1976）之后，作为科学的宏观经济学的微观基础不断得到了加固，其在微观基础上的普遍做法就是代表者模型，也就是，以一个典型的个人效用函数作为一个国家的总体效用函数的替代。这意味着社会福利函数是存在的。但根据阿罗不可能定理，在一般性的条件下，社会福利函数在逻辑上是不存在的。这意味着，我们需要重新思考作为科学的宏观经济学的微观基础问题。其实，阿罗不可能定理要证明的结论是：一个统包一切的极权主义的社会福利函数在逻辑上是不存在的。通过自由契约形成公共组织，与之对应的各种各样的社会福利函数在逻辑上才能存在。作为科学的宏观经济学的微观基础的代表者模型在科学上成立的制度背景是，是一个自由市场经济体系与一个自由契约形成各种公共组织进行治理的社会。 |
| Abstract | The microfoundations for macroeconomics as science have been strengthened after the “Lucas critique”, nearly in the past forty years. Its widespread practice is the representative model that a typical individual’s utility function as an alternative to social welfare function of a country. This means that the implied presupposition of representative model is existence of social welfare function. But according Arrow impossibility theorem, under normal conditions it does not exist social welfare function in logic. So we need to reconsider microfoundations for macroeconomics as science. In fact, it is the conclusion proved by Arrow impossibility theorem that it does not exist the totalitarianism social welfare function which does everything. The formation of the public organizations through the freedom of social contract, various corresponding social welfare functions can exist in logic. The institutional background of representative model that construct the theoretical system of modern macroeconomics being established in science is the society which a free market economy and a variety of public organization though free contracts. |
| 文章编号 | WP967 |
| 登载时间 | 2015-12-01 |
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