大国效应、分工深化和国家之间的收入差距
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| Title | Large Country Effect, Division of Labor Deepening and Income Gaps across Countries
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| 作者 | 李君华 欧阳峣 |
| Author | Li Junhua and Ouyang Yao |
| 作者单位 | 湖南师范大学商学院 |
| Organization | Hunan University of Commerce, Hunan Changsha, 410205,China; Business School, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, Hu Nan Province, 410081, China |
| 作者Email | lijhemail@126.com；ouyangyao008@163.com |
| 中文关键词 | 大国效应 跨国收入差距 人口规模 |
| Key Words | Large Country Effect; Income Gaps across Countries; Population Size |
| 内容提要 | 人口规模和国土面积是大国两个最主要的自然特征，从两个自然特征出发可推导出“大国效应”是否存在和存在的条件。本文研究表明，大国效应确实存在，但其出现依赖于一定的条件。通常，土地面积与大国人均收入具有正向关系，而人口规模对人均实际收入的影响是两者呈倒U型关系。在土地数量和其它条件给定的情况下，若一国人口规模适度偏大，该国人均实际收入会高于小国。但是，若该国人口规模超出一定限度，该国将丧失大国优势。进一步的研究表明，若大国内部交易成本过高，或技术相对落后于小国，则大国优势不能维持。另一方面，随着国家之间开放程度的提高，大国与小国都能从开放经济中获得好处，但小国从中获得的利益更多，从而使两国差距缩小，这意味着大国效应可能会随着经济开放度的提高而减弱。 |
| Abstract | Population size and land area are the two most important natural features of large countries. The existence of the large country effect and the condition of its existing can be inferred from the two natural features. It is showed in this paper that large country effect may indeed exist, but appear only under some conditions. The gap of real per capita incomes between large country and small country have a positive relationship with land area, but have a inverted U-shaped connection with population size. Under land area and other conditions given, if the population size of a country is relatively but not too big, the real per capita incomes in this country will be higher than that in the small country. However, if population size is too large, the large countries will lose its advantage due to the over crowded population. It is showed through continuously studying that the advantage of large country can not maintain if the internal transaction cost of the large country is higher or its technical level is relatively backward than that of small country. On the other hand, with the increased openness between countries, large country and small country can all get benefit from the open policy, but the interests of small countries derive more, resulting in narrowing the gap between the two countries, which means that the large country effect may be weakened with the increase of economic openness. |
| 文章编号 | WP832 |
| 登载时间 | 2015-03-10 |
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