中国养老服务模式及其优秀实践
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| Title | Models in the Chinese Elderly Care Provision
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| 作者 | 黄斯涅 王小龙 |
| Author | Huang Sinie and Wang Xiaolong |
| 作者单位 | 中国社会科学院经济研究所；北京市寸草春晖养老院 |
| Organization | Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Beijing Cuncaochunhui Eldelry Care Institute |
| 作者Email | huangsinie@gmail.com |
| 中文关键词 | 养老服务模式 居家养老 社区养老 机构养老 |
| Key Words | Models of Elderly Care, Home-based care, Community nursing, Institutional care |
| 内容提要 | 本文对当前我国养老服务业的主要实践形态以及优秀实践案例进行系统性的介绍与分析。首先，我国自古以来就有居家养老的传统，家庭至今仍然是老年照料服务的最重要提供方。此外，近年来在养老服务社会化的背景之下出现了提供上门服务的居家养老服务机构。其次，社区养老是一种基于社区的养老服务模式，可以使老年人既不离开自己居住的社区，继续获得来自家庭成员的及时关照，又能获得专业的社区养老服务。具体而言，在社区养老服务的提供中，社区卫生服务中心可以成为老年照料护理服务的重要力量。此外，位于社区内的中小型养老服务机构还可以成为集居家、社区及机构养老功能一体的养老服务平台。再次，对于社会中的鳏寡孤独老人、丧失或部分丧失了生活自理能力从而需要介助、介护、康复、临终关怀等各种服务的老人以及部分自理老人，机构养老也是一种不可或缺的养老方式。根据养老机构出资与运营主体性质的不同，可以把我国养老服务机构分为公办公营、公建民营、民办公助以及营利性机构等多种类型。最后，近年来还出现了一种结合社区养老和机构养老特征的养老模式，即商业性的大型养老社区。这类养老社区在经营方式上可以采取出售产权的销售模式、出售一半产权的销售＋持有模式、以会员制经营的全持有模式，以及购买保险入会的期权模式。本文对上述每种养老服务模式选取代表性案例进行介绍。 |
| Abstract | This study aims at systematically introducing and analyzing the main models of elderly care service in China. First, China has a tradition of home-based elderly care. Families still play the most important role in providing informal elderly care. Meanwhile, home-based formal service have emerged recently. Second, community nursing for the elderly enables the elderly to receive timely care without leaving their family and community. Community health care centers can play a big part in elderly care provision, while small- to mid-size care institutions located in the communities can act as platforms for home-based, community and institutionalized services. Third, institutionalized care is crucial for certain groups of elderly who lack the capability of living independently with the help of their family or community. Elderly care institutions can be classified by the nature of their funding and daily execution. Finally, a model that incorporates the characters of community nursing and institutionalized care have been established in recent years. This study discusses the above model with a specific example for each of them. |
| 文章编号 | WP823 |
| 登载时间 | 2015-02-13 |
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