代际流动性及其传导机制研究评述
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| Title | The Intergenerational Mobility and Its Transmission Mechanism: A Literature Review
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| 作者 | 秦雪征 李正豪 |
| Author | Qin Xuezheng and Li Zhenghao |
| 作者单位 | 北京大学经济学院 |
| Organization | School of Economics, Peking University |
| 作者Email | qin.econpku@gmail.com；lizhenghao0727@126.com |
| 中文关键词 | 代际流动性 人力资本 “先天—后天”之争 |
| Key Words | Intergenerational Mobility; Human Capital; “Nature – Nurture” Interaction |
| 内容提要 | 社会流动性是经济长期增长的核心要素，然而随着国民经济的快速发展，社会流动性不足与贫富分化加剧成为我国社会日益凸显的问题。代际流动性是社会流动性的主要构成部分，本文对国外关于代际流动性及其传导机制的既有研究进行了集中评述。我们首先梳理了各国对代际收入传递弹性的估计结果及其在方法上存在的普遍问题，接着总结了学术界对于代际流动性传导机制及其影响因素的研究成果，并重点阐述了“先天—后天”之争的内涵，最后结合我国的研究现状提出了对这一领域的进一步研究建议。本文的主要结论是：人力资本在代际之间的积累和转移是代际收入流动的重要途径，而包括健康和环境在内的一系列先天及后天因素对收入和人力资本的代际流动也有着显著的影响。相对于北美和欧洲，我国的代际流动性偏低，因此本研究评述对我国收入分配制度的设计以及教育和医疗政策的改革提供了重要的理论借鉴。 |
| Abstract | Social mobility lies in the heart of long term economic development. However, the persistent fast economic growth in China has been accompanied by increasing inequality in income and the deterioration of social mobility. The intergenerational mobility is the main component of social mobility, and this paper provides a systematic review of the literature on the intergenerational mobility and the associated transmission mechanism. We first summarizes the estimated intergenerational income transmission elasticity in different countries and the common methodological issues in the estimation; then we report the research results on the transmission mechanism and its impacting factors, with an emphasis on the “nature-nurture” debate; lastly, we propose future research directions based on the relevant studies in China. The paper has the following conclusions: the accumulation and transmission of human capital is an important channel of intergenerational mobility, and the nature and nurture factors (such as health and environment) also has a lasting impact on the intergenerational transfer of income and human capital. Compared to U.S. and Europe, the intergenerational mobility in China is relatively low, thus the research results summarized in this paper has potential implications in reforming China’s income redistribution system as well as the education and health care policies. |
| 文章编号 | WP518 |
| 登载时间 | 2013-09-04 |
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