教育职业错配会导致劳动者工资收入分化吗？
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| Title | Do Education-Occupation Mismatch Will Diversify Labors’ Income?
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| 作者 | 杨灿明 赵颖 |
| Author | Yang Canming and Zhao Ying |
| 作者单位 | 中南财经政法大学财政税务学院 |
| Organization | School of Public Finance and Taxation，Zhongnan University of Economics and Law |
| 作者Email | zhaoying0504@gmail.com |
| 中文关键词 | 教育职业错配 工资 劳动者异质性 |
| Key Words | Education-Occupation Mismatch；Wage；Labor Heterogeneity |
| 内容提要 | 运用中国综合社会调查（CGSS）2008年数据，本文提出并证实劳动者教育程度和用人单位要求的教育水平间存在错配。结合Duncan et al.（1981）和Verdugo et al.（1989）的模型，我们分析了错配对劳动者工资收入分化的影响。结果显示：（1）我国就业市场上，在短期仅有61.84%的劳动者实现了有效匹配，教育不足劳动者和过度教育劳动者的比重分别为20.82%和17.34%。在长期，工作经验的积累与匹配概率呈现一种倒U型关系。（2）教育职业错配的存在，使得教育回报率出现了显著差异，进而导致工资分化。这种分化，更多地体现为各匹配状态组内差异。（3）性别、工会资格和就业门槛等是不同匹配状态下影响工资分化的重要因素。克服选择性偏差后，此结论仍然成立。我们据此构造了反事实分布，仍支持错配组内差距是导致劳动者工资收入分化的主要原因。 |
| Abstract | This paper proposed and testified the education-occupation mismatch between employees and employers through employing the data from CGSS conducted in 2008 in China. We analyzed the impacts of the mismatch on diversification of labors’ wage combining the models from Duncan & Hoffman（1981）as well as Verdugo & Verdugo（1989）. The results showed that the overeducated the undereducated takes up 20.82% and 17.34% of the total labor force respectively, while 61.84% of them are correctly matched in the short run. An inverse U-shaped relation was found between working experiences and matching probabilities when considered in a longer period. The returns of education differentiate much given the mismatch phenomenon, which will diversify the wages. The widening gap of the wages can be explained mostly by the within group dissimilarities. Sex, union membership and job finding threshold are the main factors contributing to the discrepancy of wages. The results remained valid after overcoming the selection bias problem. The within group still explained most of wage gaps after we constructing the counterfactual distribution. |
| 文章编号 | WP494 |
| 登载时间 | 2013-07-16 |
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