政府效率、社会选择和再分配偏好——基于中国被试的实验经济学研究
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| Title | Government Efficiency, Social Choice Mechanism and Redistribution Preference:An Experimental Study on Chinese Subjects
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| 作者 | 杨晓兰 周业安 |
| Author | Yang Xiaolan and Zhou Yean |
| 作者单位 | 浙江大学经济学院；中国人民大学经济学院 |
| Organization | College of Economics, Zhejiang University；School of Economics, Renmin University |
| 作者Email | yxlan@zju.edu.cn；zhouyean@ruc.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 再分配偏好 政府效率 社会选择机制 |
| Key Words | Redistribution; Government efficiency; Social choice mechanism |
| 内容提要 | 微观个体的再分配偏好是再分配政策制定以及实施的核心环节。本文利用实验方法，参照我国社会居民收入分配的情况，设计了一个包含不同收入阶层的实验室社会，要求被试在未知和已知自身收入这两种情况下就社会税率水平进行表决。实验设定了不同的政府效率水平，引入了多数原则、随机选择社会决策者以及有中国背景的“民主集中制”这三类社会选择机制，检验其对再分配偏好的影响。实验结果显示，随着政府效率的提高，税收带来社会净福利的增加，个体的再分配偏好随之提高；与多数原则相比，随机选择社会决策者和民主集中制这两种机制能诱发个体更高的再分配偏好。实验结果还表明，在个体收入揭示之后，个体的再分配偏好强烈依赖于其所处的收入等级，呈现明显的自利动机；政府效率和社会选择机制对再分配偏好的影响在高收入群体和低收入群体中也存在显著的差异。实验发现，除了自利动机之外，高收入的被试体现出不平等厌恶，低收入被试则体现出对初始收入不平等的容忍。本文结论为了解中国个体的再分配偏好特征提供了一定的行为依据。 |
| Abstract | Individual preference for income redistribution is a core issue of the redistribution policy design and its implementation. In this paper, we use Chinese subjects and the actual Chinese citizen income distribution to create a laboratory society with different income hierarchies. Subjects are required to vote twice on the social tax rate before and after they know their own income. Different levels of government tax efficiency and social choice mechanism including majority rule, randomly selected dictator, and democratic centralism which is typically used in Chinese society are introduced to our experiments. The experimental results show that tax efficiency has a positive effect on the levels of redistribution preference. Compared to the majority rule, randomly selected dictator and democratic centralism can induce higher redistribution preferences. The results also show that, after the reveal of the individual income, individual preference for redistribution is strongly dependent on one’s own income level which demonstrates the motive of self-interest. Besides, the effects of government efficiency and social choice mechanism on redistribution preference in the high income subjects group are significant different from the low income subjects group. It is suggested that in addition to the self-interest motives, inequality aversion is showed in these high income subjects, and income inequality tolerance is showed in the low-income subjects. Our results contribute to better understand the individual preferences for redistribution in China. |
| 文章编号 | WP452 |
| 登载时间 | 2013-06-06 |
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