户籍歧视对城乡收入差距的影响
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| Title | The Effects of Household Registration System Discrimination on Urban-rural Income Inequality in China
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| 作者 | 万海远 李实 |
| Author | Wan Haiyuan and Li Shi |
| 作者单位 | 国家发改委社会研究所；北京师范大学经济管理学院 |
| Organization | Research Institute of Social Development, NDRC, China, School of Economics and Management, Beijing Normal University |
| 作者Email | why842000@163.com；lishi@bnu.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 户籍制度 歧视 拟实验项目评估方法 收入差距 |
| Key Words | Household registration system; Discrimination; Quasi-experiment program evaluation approach; Income inequality |
| 内容提要 | 本文侧重评估户籍歧视对城乡收入差距产生的影响。为了克服个体户籍类型的自选择和样本偏差问题，我们重点考察了近年来户籍属性发生转换的群体，并采用得分倾向匹配与双重差分的方法来构造反事实，从而在拟实验环境下去估计户籍歧视的价值。在2007与2008年中国城乡劳动力流动面板数据的基础上，我们尽可能多地控制了可观测因素、随时间不变及随时间同步变化的不可观测因素的影响，从而得到户籍歧视对个体收入的纯影响。结果表明，户籍歧视确实对农户的收入产生显著的影响。平均来看，仅仅因为是户口歧视，农户个体的收入将会减少3.5%。在剔除户籍歧视因素后，整体收入差距会大幅度下降，平均来看，基尼系数会从0.4987下降为0.4883，从而表明户籍歧视对我国收入差距的显著影响；而且，由于歧视本身的长期、稳定和趋势性作用及其在收入差距中的重要解释力，我们预期收入差距状况还将在一定时期内维持高位运行。 |
| Abstract | The central target of this paper is to measure the discrimination effect of household registration system (hukou policy) on urban-rural income inequality. In order to overcome the self-selection problems from hukou type change and the biased problem because of the absence of experiment data, we used the Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Difference method (PSM-DID) to construct counterfactual randomized experiment to evaluate the discrimination effect of hukou on urban-rural income inequality with panel dataset collected by RUMIC in 2007 and 2008. The results demonstrate that hukou policy does exert significant discriminatory impacts on urban-rural income inequality in 2007 and 2008, while an urban hukou increases income level by 3.5% on average. Meanwhile, it actually belongs to a kind of discrimination effect coming from hukou according to the income definition in this paper. While excluding the hukou discrimination, the overall income inequality decreases to a large extent. On average, the Gini coefficient drops from 0.49687 to 0.4883 while excluding the hukou discrimination. So, it shows a great impact of hukou discrimination on income inequality in China. Considering the long-standing and continued effect of the discrimination and its large explaination for the overall income inequality, we reasonably expect that the high income inequality will be continued in the coming years in China. |
| 文章编号 | WP442 |
| 登载时间 | 2013-05-29 |
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