外向型发展与企业生产率：孰因孰果？——基于中国本土出口企业数据的实证研究
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| Title | Outward-oriented Development and Productivity: Which Causes and Which Consequences?
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| 作者 | 戴翔 张雨 郑江淮 张二震 |
| Author | Dai Xiang, Zhang Yu, Zheng Jianghuai and Zhang Erzhen |
| 作者单位 | 南京大学经济学院 |
| Organization | School of Economics, Nanjing University |
| 作者Email | aufedx@163.com；zhy@nju.edu.cn；zhengjh@nju.edu.cn；zrz@nju.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 外向型发展 “配套出口” 自我选择 同群效应 生产率 |
| Key Words | Outward-oriented Development; Export in Matching with FDI Enterprises; Self-selection; |
| 内容提要 | 出口贸易的快速发展和外资的大量利用，是我国外向型经济发展的突出特征，本文根据我国昆山本土企业出口与外资企业“互动”的实践发现，外资企业凭借较高生产率进行FDI的同时，为其配套出口的本土企业生产率也在提高，本文称之为发展中国家企业出口的“生产率之谜”，其背后存在一个本土企业“配套出口中自我选择机制”：外资企业因生产率较高而进入中国，本土企业在为外资配套竞争中实现出口，引发其自身生产率提升，这是中国外向型经济发展的实质。企业微观调研数据计量揭示, 该机制连同“出口中学习效应”、“同群效应”，共同促进本土企业生产率提升。与西方学者关于企业外向发展的“生产率决定论”相对应，本文补充验证了生产率提升一定程度上是我国本土企业外向发展的“果”。此外，在同群效应上，有迹象表明主营中间产品的企业生产率提升偏向于依赖技能型或高素质劳动力，而以投资品、消费品为主的企业生产率提升则较显著偏向于依赖管理人员的作用。 |
| Abstract | Rapid expansion of China’s export and increasing inward FDI are the remarkable characteristics of China’s outward-oriented economy. Based on the practice of co-development between indigenous enterprises and FDI in Kunshan, this paper finds that indigenous enterprises can improve their productivity by matching with FDI enterprises who enter into China with higher productivity. The above phenomena can be called export enterprises’ productivity paradox of developing nations. Behind the phenomena, there is a self-selection mechanism for indigenous enterprises who realize export in matching with FDI enterprises: while foreign enterprises enter into China with higher productivity, indigenous enterprises can realize export by competing for matching with FDI enterprises, which improve indigenous enterprises eventually, and this can be summarized as the essence of China’s outward-oriented economic development. Empirical analysis based on Micro-firm data reveals the above mechanism together with learning by exporting effect and peer group effect helps to improve indigenous enterprises productivity. Complementing with theory that productivity determines enterprises’ outward development, this paper test that improve of productivity is the consequence of enterprises’ outward-oriented development to some extent. In addition, about the peer group effect, there is evidence that improvement of productivity for enterprises which mainly engaging in intermediates depends more on skilled or high quality labor, while enterprises which mainly engaging in capital products and consumable depends more on managerial staff. |
| 文章编号 | WP282 |
| 登载时间 | 2012-06-27 |
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