中国的就业创造与消失：来自制造业1998-2007的证据
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| Title | Job Creation and Destruction in China: Evidence of Manufacturing Industry between 1998 and 2007
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| 作者 | 马弘 乔雪 徐嫄 |
| Author | Ma Hong, Qiao Xue, and Xu Yuan |
| 作者单位 | 清华大学经济管理学院 |
| Organization | School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University |
| 作者Email | mahong@sem.tsinghua.edu.cn；qiaoxue@sem.tsinghua.edu.cn；xuyuan@sem.tsinghua.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 就业创造 就业消失 中国制造业 |
| Key Words | Job Creation; Job Destruction; China’s Manufacturing Industry |
| 内容提要 | 中国的经济经历了突飞猛进的增长，这使得伴随着这种增长路径的就业变动成为一个重要的研究话题。本篇论文运用微观的企业就业数据（工业企业年度统计调查）来探讨这一问题。本文首先对数据进行一定处理来保证样本中不同时期企业的匹配性。在此基础上，我们考查就业变动的模式，得出四点主要结论：1）中国在1998年到2007年之间的制造业同时经历了大规模的就业创造与就业削减。其中，超额就业再分配占总就业再分配的86%左右。2）就业的创造和削减模式在不同行业之间具有显著的差异：就业再分配伴随着消费行业的扩张和传统行业的缩小。3）就业再分配也随着企业异质性的变动而变动，不同所有制、不同规模、不同年龄的企业的就业创造与削减均存在不同。4）与转型经济的模式不同，中国的超额就业再分配的比例过高由不同所有制类型之间的就业再分配引起；行业之间和地区之间的就业再分配做出的贡献相对较小。 |
| Abstract | China has undergone a spectacular economic growth, and it is important to learn the job dynamic patterns accompanied with this growth path. In this paper, we aim to answer this question by utilizing a firm level data (Annual Surveys of Industrial Enterprises) during the period between 1998 and 2007. We first deal with the sample selection problem and use firms’ other information to match firms among different periods. On this basis, we examine the job flow patterns and have four findings: 1) China had experienced simultaneous and significant job creation and destruction over the above period 1998-2007, with the average rate of excess job reallocation accounting for 86 percent of gross job reallocation. 2) There are considerable variations across industries: job reallocation takes place as consumer-goods industries expand while traditional industries contract. 3) There are substantial heterogeneities on job reallocation rate within narrowly defined industries, between different ownership types, sizes and ages. 4) Different from the patterns found in transition economies, between-ownership employment shift explains a higher fraction of excess job reallocation in China. Contributions made by between-industry or between-region employment shifts, however, are relatively smaller. |
| 文章编号 | WP243 |
| 登载时间 | 2012-04-11 |
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