机会不平等和主观幸福感——来自中国的微观实证
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| Title | Inequality of Opportunity and Subjective Well-being:Evidence from China
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| 作者 | 潘春阳 何立新 |
| Author | Pan Chunyanga and He Lixin |
| 作者单位 | 华东理工大学商学院\复旦大学公共经济研究中心，复旦大学经济学院 |
| Organization | Business School, East China University of Science & Technology;School of Economics, Fudan University |
| 作者Email | 091015007@fudan.edu.cn,lixinhe@fudan.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 机会不平等 收入不平等 主观幸福感 Easterlin悖论 |
| Key Words | Opportunity Inequality; Income Inequality; Subjective Wellbeing; Easterlin Paradox; |
| 内容提要 | 本文试图从“机会不平等”的角度对中国的“Easterlin悖论”进行解释。利用2003年、2005年和2006年中国综合社会调查的数据，并借鉴Ferreira和Gignoux（2011）提出的测量机会不平等程度的方法，本文将中国各省份的居民收入不平等分解为OI和EI两个部分，并致力于探索两者对居民幸福感的不同影响，我们发现：第一，“机会不平等”对居民幸福感存在显著的负面影响；第二，“努力不平等”对居民幸福感的影响甚为微弱；第三，总体收入不平等对居民幸福感存在显著的负面影响；第四，机会不平等对不同社会群体幸福感的影响存在异质性，其对低收入者、农村户口持有者、非党员和受教育程度较低者幸福感的损害更为严重。总之，保障和促进社会机会平等对于提高居民幸福感具有十分重要的现实意义，同时，本文也为理解收入不平等和幸福感之间的理论关系提供了新的视角。 |
| Abstract | This paper aims to explain China’s Easterlin Paradox from the perspective of opportunity inequality. By using the micro-level data of CGSS (2003, 2005, 2006) and the method of measuring opportunity inequality proposed by Ferreira & Gignoux (2011), this paper decomposes the total income inequality of China’s provinces into two parts: “opportunity inequality” and “effort inequality”, so as to investigate their different impacts on peoples’ subjective wellbeing. It shows that: firstly, opportunity inequality has a significantly negative impact on peoples’ happiness. Secondly, the impact of “effort inequality” is not significant. Thirdly, the total income inequality has a significantly negative impact on peoples’ happiness. Fourthly, opportunity inequality has heterogeneous impacts on the happiness of different social groups; it causes more serious hurts on the happiness of low-income group, rural Hukou holders, non-CPC members and low-education people. These results together suggest that: to protect and promote the social opportunity equality is an essential policy in order to enhance people’ happiness. Also, this paper provides a new perspective in understanding the association between income inequality and subjective wellbeing. |
| 文章编号 | WP225 |
| 登载时间 | 2012-02-16 |
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